Thomas Paul Langer |
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Personal Data:
e-mail: tlanger@sasktel.net |
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Degrees Held:
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Research and Professional Experience:
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Teaching Experience:
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Publications |
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1. Langer, T.P. and R.D. Lund (1974) The upper layers of the superior colliculus of the rat: A Golgi study. J. Comp. Neurol. 158: 405-435. 2. Langer, T.P. and C.R.S. Kaneko (1983) Efferent projections of the cat oculomotor reticular omnipause neuron region: An autoradiographic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 217: 288-306. 3. Langer, T.P. and C.R.S. Kaneko (1985) Brainstem afferents to the omnipause region in the cat: A horseradish peroxidase study. J. Comp. Neurol. 230: 444-458. 4. Langer, T.P., A.F. Fuchs, C.A. Scudder, and M.C. Chubb (1985) Afferents to the flocculus of the cerebellum in the rhesus macaque as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol. 235: 1-25. 5. Langer, T.P., A.F. Fuchs, M.C. Chubb, C.A. Scudder, and S.G. Lisberger (1985) Floccular efferents in the rhesus macaque as revealed by autoradiography and horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol. 235: 26-37. 6. Langer, T.P. (1985) Basal interstitial nucleus of the cerebellum: A cerebellar nucleus related to the flocculus. J. Comp. Neurol. 235: 38-47. 8. Langer, T.P. , C.R.S. Kaneko, C.A. Scudder, and A.F. Fuchs (1986) Afferents to the abducens nucleus in the monkey and cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 245: 379-400. 9. Mustari, M.J., A.F. Fuchs, T.P. Langer, C.R.S. Kaneko, and J. Wallman. (1987) Response properties of units in the lateral terminal nucleus (LTN) of the behaving rhesus monkey. I.B.R.O. Second World Congress of Neuroscience. 10. Mustari, M.J., A.F. Fuchs, T.P. Langer, C.R.S. Kaneko, and J. Wallman. (1987) The role of the primate lateral terminal nucleus in visuo-motor behaviour. In: Extrageniculo-striate Visual Mechanisms. Prog. Brain Res., 75: 121-128. Hicks and Benebek, Eds. Elsevier: Amsterdam. 11. Scudder, C.A., A.F. Fuchs, and T.P. Langer. (1988) Characteristics and functional identification of saccadic inhibitory burst neurons in the alert monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 59: 1430-1454. 12. Langer. T.P., and C.R.S. Kaneko (1989) Afferents to the nucleus raphe interpositus in the monkey, sources of input to the omnipause neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 250: . 13. Fuchs, A.F., W. Becker, L. Ling, T.P. Langer, and C.R.S. Kaneko (1992) Discharge patterns of levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons during vertical lid and eye movements in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 68: 233-243 . 14. Schatteman, G.C., T. Langer, A.A. Lanahan, and M.A. Bothwell (1993) Distribution of the 75-kD low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor in the primate peripheral nervous system. Somatosensory and Motor Res. 10: 415-432. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7986256&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_DocSum] 15. Arnold, C, R. Bourassa, T. Langer, and G. Stoneham (2003) Doppler studies evaluating the effect of a physical therapy screening protocol on vertebral artery blood flow, ManualTherapy, 9/1: 13-21. |
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ABSTRACTS 1. Langer, T.P. (1975) Organization of the cat superior colliculus: A Golgi and degeneration study. Anat. Rec. 181: 404-405. 2. Langer, T.P. (1976) Collicular afferents and patterns of cells in the cat superior colliculus. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 2: 1123. 3. Langer, T.P., H. Sherk, and A. Graybiel (1977) The pathway from the cat's superior colliculus to the parabigeminal nucleus: A study of its cells of origin. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 3: 156. 4. Langer, T.P. and T.T. Norton (1978) Golgi study of the tree shrew superior colliculus. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 4: 634. 5. Graybiel, A.M., D.M. Berson, T.P. Langer, and C.L. Colby (1979) A pretectal projection to the dorsal lateral geniculate complex in the cat. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 5: 787. 6. Kaneko, C.R.S. , T.P. Langer, and A.M. Graybiel (1979) Efferent projections of the pontine oculomotor pauser region of the cat. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 5: 374. 7. Langer, T.P. and C.L. Colby (1979) Subcortical projections to the dorsal LGN. Soc.Neuroscience Abstr. 5: 792. 8. Langer, T.P. , A.F. Fuchs, M.C. Chubb, and C.A. Scudder (1980) Afferent projections to the monkey flocculus. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 6: 477. 9. Scudder, C.A. , T. Langer, and A.F. Fuchs (1982) Probable inhibitory burst neurons in the monkey. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 8: 157. 10. Langer, T.P. (1983) Basal interstitial nucleus of the cerebellum: A deep cerebellar nucleus related to the flocculus. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 9: 869. 11. Langer, T.P. , and C.R.S. Kaneko (1984) Brainstem afferents to the abducens nucleus in the monkey. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 10: 987. 12. Langer, T.P. and C.R.S. Kaneko (1984) Brainstem afferents to the omnipause neuron region. Anat. Rec. 208: 99A. 13. Mustari, M.J., A.F. Fuchs, J. Wallman, T.P. Langer, and C.R.S. Kaneko (1986) Visual and oculomotor response properties of single units in the lateral terminal nucleus (LTN) of the behaving primate. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 12: 459. 14. Heuer, J.G., G.C. Schatteman, T.P. Langer, and M. Bothwell (1987) Localization of NGF receptor mRNA and protein in primate sensory neurons. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 13: 517. 15. Langer, T.P. and C.A. Scudder (1988) Brainstem afferents to the monkey's ventrolateral vestibular nucleus, TVP neurons. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 14: 330. 16. Klassen, L.E., T. Langer, and R.P. Rouleau (1994) Piloting a gait assessment protocol with a Parkinson’s disease population. APTA/CPA Joint Congress Abstr. 46: 120. |
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Submissions to the Canadian Government These submissions were written entirely by Thomas P. Langer, with the exception of two summary papers, on which he was the principal author. They were based upon research that he supervised and analyzed during 1989 and 1990. The studies included several clinical field trials, controlled experimental trials in a research barn, and microbiological laboratory experiments. Some of the submissions were theoretical papers dealing with the statistical and methodological basis for the trials or their analysis. Dorchester Laboratories (1990 a) Assessment of the safety and efficacy of Para Plus by Ontario veterinarians. Submitted: August 27, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 b) Brief review of microbiology reports on Harris herd. Submitted: September 11, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 c) Commentary on table of parabiologic treatments in Harris Herd. Submitted: September 11, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 d) Cow Potency Tests - Para Plus licensing lots 2 & 3. Submitted: March 12, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 e) A discussion paper on potency & potency tests. Submitted: November 7, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 f) The distribution of the normed natural logarithm of the SCC (nSCC). Submitted: January 9, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 g) Experimental treatment trials: Para Plus used in the treatment of clinical mastitis produced by the inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus. Submitted: January 9, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 h) An interpretation of your analysis of Para Plus, serial # 019002L. Submitted: August 27, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 i) On the safety of parabiologic regimens. Submitted: January 9, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 j) Report on the Frontenac herd field trial. Submitted: January 9, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 k) Report on the Harris Herd. Submitted: June 25, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 l) Response to: Review of the purity, potency, safety, and efficacy data submitted by Dorchester Laboratories Inc. in support of an application for the license of Para Plus. Submitted: November 7, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 m) Responses to points that have been raised. Submitted: September 11, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 n) Review of mastitis case history reports. Submitted: February 26, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 o) The scientific basis of parabiologics. Submitted: January 9, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 p) The standard twelve cow test. Submitted: November 7, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 q) A statistical model of the treatment trials. Submitted: January 9, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 r) Summary of evidence for the efficacy of Para Plus in the treatment of mastitis. Submitted: April 2, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 s) Survey of evidence for efficacy of Para Plus in the treatment of mastitis. Submitted: October 4, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 t) A test of possible bacteriostatic and bacterial activity of Para Plus. Submitted: January 9, 1990 Dorchester Laboratories (1990 u) Thoughts on a mastitis control program using parabiologics. Submitted: November 7, 1990 |
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Online PublicationsAll these references are linked from the webpage http://homepage.mac.com/tlanger_sasktel_net/index.html
1. Arnold, C., Bourassa, R., Langer, T.& Stoneham, G. (2005) Changes in blood flow associated with vertebral artery stress tests. 2. Arnold, C., Bourassa, R., Langer, T.& Stoneham, G. (2005) Dependence of vertebral and carotid artery flow upon vertebral artery stress tests and premanipulative holds. 3. Langer, T. (2005) Modeling rotations of orientable objects in three dimensions: An introduction to quaternions and framed vectors. 4. Langer, T. (2005) Geometrical anatomy and anatomical movements: An introduction to the use of quaternions and framed vectors in the description of anatomical rotations. 5. Langer, T. (2005) Commentary on Joly’s Manual of Quaternions. 6. Langer, T. (2005) Structural ratios: The comparison of structures and their parts. 7. Langer, T. (2005) The geometrical anatomy of compound movements. 8. Langer, T. (2005) Movements of orientable objects: The application of quaternions to the analysis of movement in three dimensional space. 9. Langer, T. (2005) Analysis of an universal joint: Movements and muscles of the eye. 10. Langer, T. (2005) Geometrical anatomy of the eye and eye movements In a model with restricted extraocular muscles. 11. Langer, T. (2005) The static gaze surface and null spin saccades: Spin neutrality and saccadic trajectories. 12. Langer, T. (2005) Movements of the upper cervical assembly: A model of the axio-atlanto-occipital assembly. 13. Langer, T. (2005) Strains in the vertebral arteries with movements in the upper cervical spine. 14. Langer, T. (2005) Blood flow in the vertebral arteries when strained by lateral rotation in the upper cervical spine. 15. Langer, T. (2005) Building a neck and watching it move: Anatomical foundations for the description of movements in the cervical spine. 16. Langer, T. (2005) A model for the study of movements of the lower cervical spine 17. Langer, T. (2005) Movements in artificial necks. 18. Langer, T. (2005) Centers of rotation and translation in the cervical spine. 19. Langer, T. (2005) Why don't we have lumbar discs in our necks? Patterns of strain in intervertebral discs: Cervical spine. 20. Langer, T. (2005) Catastrophic shifts in instantaneous axes of rotation. 21. Langer, T. (2005) On ligaments and movements. 22. Langer, T. (2005) Notes on shear. 23. Langer, T., Bourassa, R., Arnold, C. & Stoneham, G. (2005) Waveform analysis of vertebral artery velocity profiles. 24. Langer, T.P. (2006) Finding the Transformation of a Cubic Box: the orientation of strained boxes. 25. Langer, T.P. (2006) The Diagonal Vector. 26. Langer, T.P. (2006) Strained Boxes and Products of Three Vectors. 27. Langer, T.P. (2006) Analysis of Strain. 28. Langer, T.P. (2006) Properties of a Distorted Box. 29. Langer, T.P. (2006) Definitions of Shear. 30. Langer, T.P. (2006) Extension and Orientation Strain. 31. Langer, T.P. (2006) Compression Between Parallel Plates. 32. Langer, T.P. (2006) Shear Displacement Between Parallel Plates. 33. Langer, T.P. (2006) Torsional Strain. 34. Langer, T.P. (2006) Point and Linear Depressions. 35. Langer, T.P. (2007-8) Quaternions and Description of Anatomical Movement
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Teaching Background and Qualifications Teaching BackgroundMost of my teaching experience has been in neuroanatomy, which I have taught to undergraduates, nurses, allied health students, physical therapists, and medical students, and to graduate students in physiology, anatomy, psychology, and graduate neurological nursing. These courses generally involved both lectures and laboratory teaching. The majority of my teaching was in neuroanatomy courses that I taught for ten years with Drs. Smith and Hendrickson at the University of Washington and for five years with Drs Doucette and Devon at the University of Saskatchewan. In the course at the University of Washington, I taught about a third of the course, including all the basic anatomy of the entire nervous system and a number of lectures on the anatomy of particular functional systems. During the one-year term at the University of Saskatchewan, I had sole responsibility for a course of lectures to the second year physical therapy students. This course covered the entire nervous system and associated structures. I also assisted in the neuroanatomy courses for the first year medical students, the neuroanatomy course for first year dentists and physical therapists, and the gross anatomy courses for medical students and physical therapists. I have also taught gross anatomy courses on a number of occasions. Some of them involved teaching human embryology as part of the course. In the 2002-2003 academic year, I taught half of an undergraduate course in Integrative Neuroscience. I have participated in teaching in a number of seminars and proseminars dealing with different areas of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology and have given several lectures on my own research. Research BackgroundMy original graduate work involved a Golgi study of the rat's superior colliculus, under the supervision of Ray Lund. This work was interrupted by military service, but was the basis for my Masters thesis. Upon returning to the University of Washington, I studied several features of the cat's superior colliculus, including a thorough quantitative Golgi study of all the laminae of the colliculus and degeneration studies of some of the afferents to the superficial layers. This work was the basis of my Ph.D. thesis. My interest in the subcortical visual systems and the desire to learn several new techniques led to my going to work in Ann Graybiel's laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In that laboratory I learned the autoradiographic pathway tracing techniques and the horseradish peroxidase methods. I used those techniques in a number of studies of subcortical visual pathways, including studies of the superior colliculus, the parabigeminal nucleus, and the lateral geniculate nucleus. During that time I also collaborated with Tom Norton on a Golgi study of the tree shrew superior colliculus. After my post-doctoral work, I worked on the neuroanatomy of a number of brainstem nuclei that contribute to the genesis of eye movements and parts of the vestibulocerebellum. This work was done in collaboration with a number of neurophysiologists in Dr. Fuchs’ laboratory at the University of Washington. It involved studies of the connections of oculomotor muscles, the abducens nucleus, several premotor groups in the vestibular complex and the pontomedullary reticular formation, and the flocculus of the cerebellum. In 1989, I joined my father’s company, Dorchester Laboratories, and helped in the development and evaluation of a number of veterinary biologics products for the treatment of mastitis in cows. My responsibility was in the design, analysis, and publication of research to evaluate the efficacy of the various products for the purposes of licensing by the Canadian Department of Agriculture. This research involved the design of experimental and clinical trials, the statistical and clinical analysis of the data arising from that research, and the collection of those findings into reports for submission to the Canadian Government. During the 1991-92 academic year, I taught in the Department of Anatomy at the University of Saskatchewan and I took the opportunity to study kinesiology and the biomechanics of articulated movements and to begin a theoretical study of the geometry of joints and movement. The analysis reworked and extended Basmajian and MacConaill’s analysis of joint geometry and its implications for movement, using more sophisticated and natural mathematical tools, quaternions and differential geometry. Using differential geometry allows one to generalize the arguments made about the contours of joint surfaces and interfaces and derive the attributes that occur as ad hoc properties in MacConaill’s analysis. Quaternion analysis provides a natural, intuitive, and precise means of describing movements in three-dimensional space and the distribution of forces about a joint. Quaternions should also provide a simpler computerized analysis of movement in three dimensions. During the last few years, I have applied quaternion analysis to a number of kinesiological problems arising from the spinal movements considered in manual therapy and problems related to eye movements and vestibular control. Currently, I am working with Cathy Arnold and Richard Bourrassa on the analysis of the movements of the cervical spine and their implications for the stressing of the vertebral artery during cervical manipulation. The approach lends itself to a great many problems that involve anatomical movement. In the summer of 1993, I worked with Laura Klassen, developing a kinesiological test for the analysis of gait in the neurologically impaired. This provided me with an opportunity to learn the technology of gait analysis and to develop computer programs for the analysis of movement. I have continued to work on kinesiological and oculomotor problems with quaternion analysis of articulated movement, which I continue to develop. Quaternion analysis of motor control has potential to be applied in both orthopedic and neurological settings, in both humans and animals. Most recently, I have collaborated in a study of the sensitivity of the vertebral artery stress tests used to screen the cervical spine for potential problems, prior to cervical manipulation. It was a Doppler ultrasound study of the blood flow in the vertebral arteries while the head and neck were taken to a set of endrange positions used to stress the vertebral arteries. The study found that most of the stress positions do not stress the vertebral artery, In a series of collateral studies based upon quaternion analysis and fluid mechanical arguments, I have developed arguments that show how the observed changes in blood flow are exactly what should be expected, based upon the anatomy of the upper cervical spine. Currently, I am working on studies of the lower cervical spine and its movements and the nature of strain in biological materials and upon the description of strain in anatomical systems with the formalism of quaternions. |